Monday, May 30, 2011

TETA - TEKI GAMBAR

Gambar-gambar berikut ini mungkin sekilas hanyalah teka-teki biasa tetapi coba anda perhatikan baik-baik, jangan sampai gambar-gambar dibawah ini menipu mata anda alias membuat anda menjadi seseorang yang super bodoh.



1.Ada berapa gambar hewan rusa yang ada di lukisan?



2.Air terjun atau manusia terjun!


3.Apakah mereka adalah penonton atau gedung?


4.Berapa banyak orang dalam gambar ini?


5.Berapa pilar yang ada, tiga atau dua?


6.Dapatkah anda menemukan empat orang dalam gambar?


7. Apakah anda mampu menebak gambar di bawah ini apa?


Saturday, May 28, 2011

MARI MENGENAL BEBERAPA JENIS EKSTENSI FILE

Setiap software  seperti software office, software picture editing, bahkan windows sendiri memiliki ekstensi untuk file-filenya masing-masing. Berikut ini beberapa ekstensi file dari berbagai softwere  :
DAFTAR EKSTENSI FILE

.#24 Printer data file for 24 pin matrix printer (LocoScript)
.#ib Printer data file (LocoScript)
.#sc Printer data file (LocoScript)
.#st Standard mode printer definitions (LocoScript)
.$$$ Temporary file
.$00 Pipe file (DOS)
.$db Temporary file (dBASE IV)
.$ed Editor temporary file (MS C)
.$o1 Pipe file (DOS)
.$vm Virtual manager temporary file (Windows 3.x)
.000 Compressed harddisk data (DoubleSpace)
.001 Fax (many)
.075 75x75 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher)
.085 85x85 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher)
.091 91x91 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher)
.096 96x96 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher)
.0b Printer font with lineDraw extended character set (PageMaker)
.1 Roff/nroff/troff/groff source for manual page (cawf2.zip)
.15u Printer font with PI font set (PageMaker)
.1st Usually README.1ST text
.301 Fax (Super FAX 2000 - Fax-Mail 96))
.386 Intel 80386 processor driver (Windows 3.x)
.3ds Graphics (3D Studio)
.3fx Effect (CorelChart)
.3gr Data file (Windows Video Grabber)
.3t4 Binary file converter to ASCII (Util3)
.4c$ Datafile (4Cast/2)
.4sw 4dos Swap File
.4th Forth source code file (ForthCMP - LMI Forth)
.669 Music (8 channels) (The 669 Composer)
.6cm Music (6 Channel Module) (Triton FastTracker)
.8 A86 assembler source code file
.8cm Music (8 Channel Module) (Triton FastTracker)
.8m Printer font with Math 8 extended character set (PageMaker)
.8u Printer font with Roman 8 extended character set (PageMaker)
.a Ada source code file
.a Library (unix)
.a11 Graphics AIIM image file
.ab6 Datafile (ABStat)
.ab8 Datafile (ABStat)
.abk Automatic backup file (CorelDRAW)
.abs Abstracts (info file)
.abs Data file (Abscissa)
.aca Project (Project Manager Workbench)
.acb Graphics (ACMB)
.acc Program (DR-DOS - ViewMax) (GEM / resident)
.act Actor source code file
.act Foxdoc Action Diagrams (FoxPro)
.act Presentation (Action!)
.ad Screen saver data (AfterDark)
.ada Ada source code file
.adb Ada Package Body
.adc Bitmap graphics (16 colors) (Scanstudio)
.adi Graphics (AutoCAD)
.adl Mca adapter description library (QEMM)
.adn Add-in (Lotus 1-2-3)
.ads Ada Package Specification
.adt Datafile for cardfile application (HP NewWave)
.adt Fax (AdTech)
.adx Document (Archetype Designer)
.af2 Flowchart (ABC FlowCharter 2.0)
.afi Truevision bitmap graphics
.afl Font file (for Allways) (Lotus 1-2-3)
.afm Type 1 font metric ASCII data for font installer (ATM - many)
.afm Datafile for cardfile application (HP NewWave)
.ai Vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator)
.ain Compressed file archive created by AIN
.aio APL file transfer format file
.ais Array of Intensity Samples graphics (Xerox)
.aix Datafile for cardfile application (HP NewWave)
.all Format file for working pages (Always)
.all General printer information (WordPerfect for Win)
.all Symbol and font files (Arts & Letters)
.alt Menu file (WordPerfect Library)
.amf Music (Advanced Module Format)
.amg Compressed file archive created by AMGC
.amg System image file (Actor)
.ani Animation (Presidio - many)
.anm Animation (Deluxe Paint Animator)
.ann Help Annotations (Windows 3.x)
.ans Ansi graphics (character animation)
.ans Ascii text ANSI character set (NewWave Write)
.aos Add-On Software (Nokia 9000)
.ap Compressed Amiga file archive created by WHAP
.ap Datafile (Datalex EntryPoint 90)
.apc Printer driver (Lotus 1-2-3)
.apd Printer driver (Lotus 1-2-3)
.apf Printer driver (Lotus 1-2-3)
.api Passed parameter file (1st Reader)
.api Printer driver (Lotus 1-2-3)
.apl APL work space format file
.app Add-in application file (Symphony)
.app Application object file (dBASE Application Generator)
.app Executable application file (DR-DOS - NeXTstep - Atari)
.app Generated application (FoxPro)
.apr Employee performance review (Employee Appraiser)
.apx Appexpert database file (Borland C++ 4.5)
.arc Compressed file archive created by ARC (arc602.exe/pk361.exe)
.arc Compressed file archive created by SQUASH (squash.arc)
.arf Automatic Response File
.ari Compressed file archive created by ARI
.arj Compressed file archive created by ARJ (arj241.exe)
.ark Arc file archive created by CP/M port of ARC file archiver
.ark Compressed file archive created by QUARK
.arr Arrangement (Atari Cubase)
.art Graphics (scrapbook) (Art Import)
.art Raster graphics (First Publisher)
.arx Compressed file archive created by ARX
.asc Ascii text file
.asc Transport armor file (PGP)
.asd Autosave file (Word for Windows)
.asd Presentation (Astound)
.asd Screen driver (Lotus 1-2-3)
.asf Datafile (STATGRAPHICS)
.asf Screen font (Lotus 1-2-3)
.ash Assembly language header file (TASM 3.0)
.asi Assembler include file (Turbo C - Borland C++)
.asm Assembly source code file
.aso Assembler object (object orientated) file (Turbo Assembler)
.asp Aspect source code file (Procomm Plus)
.asp Association of Shareware Professionals OMBUDSMN.ASP notice
.at2 Auto template (Aldus Persuasion 2.0)
.atm Adobe Type Manager data/info
.au Sound (audio) file (SUN Microsystems)
.aux Auxillary references (TeX/LaTeX)
.aux Auxiliary dictionary (ChiWriter)
.ava Publication (Avagio)
.avi Audio Video Interleaved animation file (Video for Windows)
.aw Text file (HP AdvanceWrite)
.awk Awk script/program
.awm Movie (Animation Works)
.aws Data (STATGRAPHICS)
.b Batch list (APPLAUSE)
.b&w Black and white graphics (atari - mac)
.b&w Mono binary screen image (1st Reader)
.b1n Both mono and color binary screen image (1st Reader)
.b30 Printer font (JLaser - Cordata) (Ventura Publisher)
.b8 Raw graphics (one byte per pixel) plane two (PicLab)
.b_w Black and white graphics (atari - mac)
.bad Bad file (Oracle)
.bak Backup file
.bal Music score (Ballade)
.bar Horizontal bar menu object file (dBASE Application Generator)
.bas Basic source code file
.bat Batch file (DOS)
.bb Database backup (Papyrus)
.bbl Bibliographic reference (TeX/BibTeX)
.bbm Brush (Deluxe Paint)
.bbs Bulletin Board System announce or text info file
.bch Batch process object file (dBASE Application Generator)
.bch Datafile (Datalex EntryPoint 90)
.bco Outline font description (Bitstream)
.bcp Borland C++ makefile
.bcw Environment settings (Borland C++ 4.5)
.bdf Bitmap Distribution Format font file (X11)
.bdf Datafile (Egret)
.bdr Border (MS Publisher)
.bez Outline font description (Bitstream)
.bf2 Bradford 2 font
.bfm Font metrics (unix/Frame)
.bfx Fax (BitFax)
.bga Bitmap graphics
.bgi Borland Graphics Interface device driver
.bib Bibliography (ASCII)
.bib Database - not compatible with TeX format (Papyrus)
.bib Literature database (TeX/BibTeX)
.bif Binary Image Format b&w graphics (Image Capture board)
.bin Binary file
.bio OS/2 BIOS
.bit Bitmap X11
.bk Faxbook (JetFax)
.bk! Document backup (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk1 Timed backup file for document window 1 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk2 Timed backup file for document window 2 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk3 Timed backup file for document window 3 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk4 Timed backup file for document window 4 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk5 Timed backup file for document window 5 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk6 Timed backup file for document window 6 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk7 Timed backup file for document window 7 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk8 Timed backup file for document window 8 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bk9 Timed backup file for document window 9 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bkp Backup file (Write - TurboVidion DialogDesigner)
.bkw Mirror image of font set (FontEdit)
.bld Bloadable picture (BASIC)
.blk Temporary file (WordPerfect for Win)
.bm Bitmap graphics
.bmk Help Bookmarks (Windows 3.x)
.bmp Bitmap graphics (PC Paintbrush - many)
.bnk Adlib instrument bank file
.boo Compressed file ASCII archive created by BOO (msbooasm.arc)
.bpc Chart (Business Plan Toolkit)
.bpt Bitmap fills file (CorelDRAW)
.br Script (Bridge)
.brd Eagle Layout File
.brk Fax (Brooktrout Fax-Mail)
.bsa Compressed file archive created by BSARC
.bsc Compressed Apple II file archive created by BINSCII
.bsc Database (Source Browser)
.bsc Pwbrmake object file (MS Fortran)
.btm Batch To Memory batch file (4DOS)
.bug Bugs and Problems
.bup Backup file
.but Button definitions (Buttons!)
.buy Datafile format (movie)
.bv1 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 1 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv2 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 2 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv3 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 3 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv4 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 4 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv5 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 5 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv6 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 6 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv7 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 7 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv8 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 8 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bv9 Overflow file below insert point in Doc 9 (WordPerfect for Win)
.bwb Spreadsheet application (Visual Baler)
.bwr Beware (buglist) (Kermit)
.c C source code file
.c Compressed unix file archive created by COMPACT
.c++ C++ source code file
.c-- Source code (Sphinx C--)
.c00 Print file (Ventura Publisher)
.c86 C source code file (Computer Innovation C86)
.ca Initial cache data for root domain servers (Telnet)
.cab Cabinet File (micr*soft installation archive)
.cad Softdesk Drafix CAD File
.cac dBASE IV executable when caching on/off (see cachedb.bat)
.cad Document (Drafix Windows CAD)
.cal Calendar file (Windows 3.x)
.cal Spreatsheet (SuperCalc)
.can Fax (Navigator Fax)
.cap Caption (Ventura Publisher)
.cap Session capture file (Telix)
.cas Comma-delimited ASCII File
.cat Catalog (dBASE IV)
.cbc Fuzzy logic system (CubiCalc)
.cbl Cobol source code file
.cbm Compiled bitmap graphics (XLib)
.cbt Computer Based Training (many)
.cc C++ source code file
.ccb Visual Basic Animated Button Configuration
.ccc Bitmap graphics (native format) (Curtain Call)
.ccf Communications configuration file (Symphony)
.cch Chart (CorelChart)
.ccl Communication Command Language file (Intalk)
.cco Btx Graphics file (XBTX)
.cdb Card database (CardScan)
.cdb Main database (TCU Turbo C Utilities)
.cdf Graphics (netcdf)
.cdk Document (Atari Calamus)
.cdr Vector graphics (CorelDRAW native format)
.cdt Data (CorelDraw 4.0)
.cdx Compound index (FoxPro)
.ce Main.ce (The FarSide Computer Calendar)
.ceg Bitmap graphics (Tempra Show - Edsun Continuous Edge Graphics)
.cel Graphics (Autodesk Animator - Lumena)
.cf Configuration file (imake)
.cfg Configuration
.cfl Chart (CorelFLOW)
.cfn Font data (Atari Calamus)
.cfo C Form Object internal format object file (TCU Turbo C Utilities)
.cfp Fax (The Complete Fax Portable)
.cga CGA display font (Ventura Publisher)
.cgi Common Gateway Interface script
.cgm Computer Graphics Metafile vector graphics (A&L - HG - many)
.ch Header file (Clipper 5)
.ch3 Chart (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.ch4 Presentation (Charisma 4.0)
.chd Font descriptor (FontChameleon)
.chi Document (ChiWriter)
.chk Recovered data (ChkDsk)
.chk Temporary file (WordPerfect for Win)
.chl Configuration History Log
.chn Data (Ethnograph 3)
.chp Chapter file (Ventura Publisher)
.chr Character set (Turbo C - Turbo Pascal)
.cht Chart (Harvard Graphics 2.0 - SoftCraft Presenter)
.cht Interface file for ChartMaster (dBASE)
.cif Caltech Intermediate Format graphics
.cif Chapter information (Ventura Publisher)
.cix Database index (TCU Turbo C Utilities)
.ckb Keyboard mapping (Borland C++ 4.5)
.cl Common LISP source code file
.clp Clip art graphics (Quattro Pro)
.clp Clipboard file (Windows 3.x)
.clp Compiler script file (clip list) (Clipper 5)
.clr Color binary screen image (1st Reader)
.clr Color definitions (Photostyler)
.cls C++ class definition file
.cm Data file (CraftMan)
.cmd Batch file (OS/2)
.cmd Command (dBASE - Waffle)
.cmd External command menu (1st Reader)
.cmf FM-music file (Creative Music File)
.cmk Card (Card Shop Plus)
.cmm Cmm script (batch) file (CEnvi)
.cmp Header file for PostScript printer files (CorelDRAW)
.cmp User dictionary (MS Word for DOS)
.cmp Bitmap graphics (Lead CMP compression)
.cmv Animation (CorelMove CorelDraw 4.0)
.cnc CNC general program data
.cnf Configuration (program - printer setup)
.cnv Data conversion support file (Word for Windows)
.cnv Temporary file (WordPerfect for Win)
.cob Cobol source code file
.cod Datafile (Forecast Plus - MS Multiplan - StatPac Gold)
.cod Program compiled code (FORTRAN)
.cod Template source file (dBASE Application Generator)
.cod Videotext file
.col Color palette (Autodesk Animator - many)
.col Spreadsheet (MS Multiplan)
.com Command (memory image of executable program) (DOS)
.con Configuration file (Simdir)
.cpd Script (Complaints Desk)
.cpf Fax (The Complete Fax)
.cpi Code Page Information file (DOS)
.cpi Colorlab Processed Image bitmap graphics
.cpl Control panel file (Windows 3.x)
.cpl Presentation (Compel)
.cpp C++ source code file
.cpp Presentation (CA-Cricket Presents)
.cps Backup of startup files by Central Point PC Tools autoexec.cps
.cps coloured postscript files
.cpt Compressed Mac file archive created by COMPACT PRO (ext-pc.zip)
.cpt Encrypted memo file (dBASE)
.cpt Template (CA-Cricket Presents)
.cpz Music text file (COMPOZ)
.crd Cardfile (Windows 3.x - YourWay)
.crf Cross-reference (MS MASM - Zortech C++)
.crp Encrypted database (dBASE IV)
.crs File Conversion Resource (WordPerfect 5.1)
.crt Terminal settings information (Oracle)
.cru Compressed file archive created by CRUSH
.csg Graph (Statistica/w)
.csm Precompiled headers (Borland C++ 4.5)
.csp Pc Emcee Screen Image file (Computer Support Corporation)
.css Datafile (CSS - Stats+)
.css Datasheet (Statistica/w)
.csv Comma Separated Values text file format (ASCII)
.csv Adjusted EGA/VGA palette (CompuShow)
.ctc Control file (PC Installer)
.ctf Character code translation file (Symphony)
.ctl Control file (dBASE IV - Aldus Setup)
.ctx Course TeXt file (micr*soft online guides)
.ctx Ciphertext file (Pretty Good Privacy RSA System)
.cuf C Utilities Form definition (TCU Turbo C Utilities)
.cur Cursor image file (Windows 3.x)
.cut Bitmap graphics (Dr. Halo)
.cv4 Color file (CodeView)
.cvp Cover page (WinFax)
.cvs Graphics (Canvas)
.cvt Backup file for CONVERTed database file (dBASE IV)
.cvw Color file (CodeView)
.cxx C++ source code file (Zortech C++)
.dat Data file in special format or ASCII
.db Configuration (dBASE IV - dBFast)
.db Database (Paradox - Smartware)
.db$ Temperature debug info (Clarion Modula-2)
.db$ Temporary file (dBASE)
.db2 Database (dBASE II)
.db3 Database (dBASE III)
.dba Datafile (DataEase)
.dbd Business data (Business Insight)
.dbd Debug info (Clarion Modula-2)
.dbf Database file (dBASE III/IV - FoxPro - dBFast - DataBoss)
.dbg Symbolic debugging information (MS C/C++)
.dbk Database backup (dBASE IV)
.dbm Datafile (DataEase)
.dbm Menu template (DataBoss)
.dbo Compiled program (dBASE IV)
.dbs Database in SQL Windows format
.dbs Datafile (PRODAS)
.dbs Printer description file (Word - Works)
.dbt Data Base Text (Clipper)
.dbt Foxbase+ style memo (FoxPro)
.dbt Memo file for database w/same name (dBASE IV - dBFast)
.dbw Windows file (DataBoss)
.dca Document Content Architecture text file (IBM DisplayWrite)
.dcf Disk image file
.dcp Data CodePage (OS/2)
.dcs Bitmap graphics (CYMK format) (QuarkXPress)
.dcs Datafile (ACT! Activity Files)
.dct Database dictionary (Clarion Database Developer)
.dct Spell checking dictionary (Harvard Graphics 3.0 - Symphony)
.dcx Bitmap graphics (Multipage PCX)
.dd Compressed Macintosh file archive created by DISKDOUBLER
.ddb Bitmap graphics
.ddi Diskdupe Image file (ddupe322.zip)
.ddp Device Driver Profile file (OS/2)
.deb Debug script (DOS Debug)
.def Assembly header file (Geoworks)
.def Defaults - definitions
.dem Demonstration
.dem Graphics (VistaPro)
.dev Device driver
.dfd Data Flow Diagram graphic (Prosa)
.dfi Outline font description (Digifont)
.dfl Default program settings (Signature)
.dfm Data Flow Diagram model file (Prosa)
.dfs Delight Sound File
.dfv Printing form (Word)
.dgn Graphics (MicroStation)
.dgs Diagnostics
.dh Dependency information for .ph (Geoworks)
.dhp Dr. Halo PIC Format graphics (Dr. Halo II - III)
.dht Datafile (Gauss)
.dia Diagraph graphics (Computer Support Corporation)
.dib Bitmap graphics (Device-Independent Bitmap)
.dic Lotus Notes / Domino dictonary file
.dif Database (VisiCalc)
.dif Output from Diff command - script for Patch command
.dif Text file (Data Interchange Format)
.dip Graphics
.dir Dialing directory file (Procomm Plus)
.dir Directory file (VAX)
.dir Movie (MacroMind Director 4.x)
.dis Distribution file (VAX Mail)
.dis Thesaurus (CorelDraw)
.diz Description file (Description In Zip)
.dkb Raytraced graphics (DKBTrace)
.dl Animation (Italian origin)
.dld Data (Lotus 1-2-3)
.dlg Dialog resource script file (MS Windows SDK)
.dll Dynamic Link Library (Windows 3.x - OS/2)
.dll Export/import filter (CorelDRAW)
.dls Setup (Norton Disklock)
.dmo Demo (Derive)
.dmp Dump file (eg. screen or memory)
.dms Compressed Amiga file archive created by DISKMASHER
.doc Document text file
.dog Screen file (Laughing Dog Screen Maker)
.doh Dependency information for .poh (Geoworks)
.dos External command file (1st Reader)
.dos Network driver (eg. pkt_dis.dos)
.dos Text file containing DOS specific info
.dot Line-type definition file (CorelDRAW)
.dot Template (Word for Windows)
.dox Text file (MultiMate 4.0)
.doz Description Out of Zip (VENDINFO)
.dp Calendar file (Daily Planner)
.dp Data file (DataPhile)
.dpr Default project- and state-related information (Borland C++)
.drs Display Resource (WordPerfect for Win)
.drv Device driver eg. for printer
.drw Vector graphics (Micrografx Designer)
.ds4 Vector graphics (Micrografx Designer 4.0)
.dsc Discard file (Oracle)
.dsd Database (DataShaper)
.dsk Project desktop file (Borland C++ - Turbo Pascal)
.dsm Digital sound module (DSI)
.dsn Design (Object System Designer)
.dsp Display parameters (Signature)
.dsp Graphics display driver (Dr.Halo)
.dsr Driver Resource (WordPerfect for Win)
.dss Screensaver file (DCC)
.dss Sound (Digital Soup)
.dsw Desktop settings (Borland C++ 4.5)
.dt_ Data fork of a Macintosh file (Mac-ette)
.dta Data file (Turbo Pascal - PC-File - Stata)
.dtf Database file (PFS - Q&A)
.dtp Document (Timeworks Publisher3)
.dtp Publication (Publish-It!)
.dvc Data (Lotus 1-2-3)
.dvi Device Independent document (TeX)
.dvp Desqview Program Information file (DESQview)
.dvp Device parameter file (AutoCAD)
.dw2 Drawing (DesignCAD for windows)
.dwc Compressed file archive created by DWC (dwc-a501.exe)
.dwg Drawing (Drafix)
.dwg Drawing database (AutoCAD)
.dx Text file (DEC WPS/DX format - DEC WPS Plus)
.dxf Drawing Interchange File Format vector graphics (AutoCAD)
.dxn Fax (Fujitsu dexNET)
.dyn Data (Lotus 1-2-3)
.ebj Error-checking object file (Geoworks)
.edt Default settings (VAX Edt editor)
.eeb Button bar for Equation Editor (WordPerfect for Win)
.eft High resolution screen font (ChiWriter)
.efx Fax (Everex EFax)
.ega EGA display font (Ventura Publisher)
.el Elisp source code file (Emacs lisp)
.elc Compiled ELISP code (Emacs lisp)
.elt Event list text file (Prosa)
.emb Everest Embedded Bank File
.emd ABT Extended Module
.emf Enchanced Metafile graphics
.eml MS Outlook Express Electronic Mail
.ems PC Tools Enhanced Menu System Config
.emu Terminal emulation data (BITCOM)
.enc Encoded file - UUENCODEd file (Lotus 1-2-3 - uuexe515.exe)
.enc Music (Encore)
.end Arrow-head definition file (CorelDRAW)
.eng Dictionary engine (Sprint)
.eng Graphics (charting) (EnerGraphics)
.env Enveloper macro (WOPR)
.env Environment file (WordPerfect for Win)
.epd Publication (Express Publisher)
.epi Document (Express Publisher)
.eps Encapsulated PostScript vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator)
.eps Printer font (Epson - Xerox...) (Ventura Publisher)
.eqn Equation (WordPerfect for Win)
.erd Entity Relationship Diagram graphic file (Prosa)
.erm Entity Relationship Diagram model file (Prosa)
.err Error log
.err Error messages for command line compilers
.esh Extended Shell batch file
.eth Document (Ethnograph 3)
.etx Structure Enhanced (setext) text
.evt Event log
.evy Document (WordPerfect Envoy)
.ewd Document (Express Publisher for Windows)
.ex3 Device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.exc Rexx source code file (VM/CMS)
.exc Exclude file for Optimize (do not process) (QEMM)
.exe Directly executable program (DOS)
.exm Msdos executable, system-manager compliant (HP calculator)
.ext Extension file (Norton Commander)
.exx Intermediate file by MsgPut (IBM LinkWay)
.ezf Fax (Calculus EZ-Fax)
.f Fortran source code file
.f Compressed file archive created by FREEZE
.f01 Fax (perfectfax)
.f06 Dos screen text font - height 6 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f07 Dos screen text font - height 7 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f08 Dos screen text font - height 8 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f09 Dos screen text font - height 9 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f10 Dos screen text font - height 10 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f11 Dos screen text font - height 11 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f12 Dos screen text font - height 12 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f13 Dos screen text font - height 13 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f14 Dos screen text font - height 14 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f16 Dos screen text font - height 16 pixels (fntcol13.zip)
.f2r Linear module (music) (Farandole)
.f3r Blocked module (music) (Farandole)
.f77 Fortran 77 source code file
.f96 Fax (Frecom FAX96)
.fac Face graphics
.faq Frequently Asked Questions text file
.far Music
.fax Fax (raster graphics) (most Fax programs)
.fc Spell checking dictionary (Harvard Graphics 2.0)
.fcm Binary file patch file (forward compression)(jlpak10.zip)
.fd Declaration file (MS Fortran)
.fd Field offsets for compiler (DataFlex)
.fdw Form (F3 Design and Mapping)
.feb Button bar for Figure Editor (WordPerfect for Win)
.ff Outline font description (Agfa Compugraphics)
.fff Fax (defFax)
.fft Dca/FFT Final Form Text text file (DisplayWrite)
.fh3 Vector graphics (Aldus FreeHand 3.x)
.fh4 Vector graphics (Aldus FreeHand 4.x)
.fi Interface file (MS Fortran)
.fif Fractal Image Format file
.fil File template (Application Generator)
.fil Files list object file (dBASE Application Generator)
.fil Overlay (WordPerfect)
.fin Print-formatted text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE)
.fit Fits graphics
.fit File Index Table (WindowsNT)
.fix Patch file
.fky Macro file (FoxPro)
.flb Format library (Papyrus)
.flc Animation (Autodesk Animator)
.fld Folder (Charisma)
.fli Tex font library (EmTeX)
.fli Animation (Autodesk Animator)
.flm Film Roll (AutoCAD/AutoShade)
.flo Micrografx FlowCharter
.flt Filter file (Micrografx Picture Publisher)
.flt Support file (Asymetrix ToolBook) - graphics filter
.flx Compiled binary (DataFlex)
.fm Spreatsheet (FileMaker Pro)
.fm1 Spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3 release 2.x)
.fm3 Device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.fm3 Spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3 release 3.x)
.fmb File Manager Button bar (WordPerfect for Win)
.fmf Font or icon file (IBM LinkWay)
.fmk Makefile (Fortran PowerStation)
.fmo Compiled format file (dBASE IV)
.fmt Format file (dBASE IV - FoxPro - Clipper 5 - dBFast)
.fmt Style sheet (Sprint)
.fn3 Font file (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.fnt Font file (many)
.fnx Inactive font (Exact)
.fo1 Font file (Borland Turbo C)
.fo2 Font file (Borland Turbo C)
.fol Folder of saved messages (1st Reader)
.fon Dialing directory file (Telix)
.fon Font file (many - Windows 3.x font library)
.fon Log of all calls (Procomm Plus)
.for Fortran source code file
.for Form (WindowBase)
.fot Installed Truetype font (Windows Font Installer)
.fp Configuration file (FoxPro)
.fpc Catalog (FoxPro)
.fpt Memo (FoxPro)
.fpw Floorplan drawing (FloorPLAN plus for Windows)
.fr3 Renamed dBASE III+ form file (dBASE IV)
.frf Font (FontMonger)
.frg Uncompiled report file (dBASE IV)
.frm Form (Visual Basic)
.frm Report file (dBASE IV - Clipper 5 - dBFast)
.frm Text (order form)
.fro Compiled report file (dBASE IV)
.frp Form (PerForm PRO Plus - FormFlow)
.frs Screen Font Resource (WordPerfect for Win)
.frt Report memo (FoxPro)
.frx Report (FoxPro)
.fsl Form (Paradox for Windows)
.fsm Farandoyle Sample format music
.fst Linkable program (dBFast)
.fsx Data (Lotus 1-2-3)
.ftm Font file (Micrografx)
.ftp Configuration (FTP Software PC/TCP)
.fw Database (FrameWork)
.fw2 Database (Framework II)
.fw3 Database (Framework III)
.fx On-line guide (FastLynx)
.fxd Phonebook (FAXit)
.fxp Compiled format (FoxPro)
.fxs Fax Transmit Format graphics (WinFax)
.g Data chart (APPLAUSE)
.g8 Raw graphics (one byte per pixel) plane three (PicLab)
.gam Fax (GammaFax)
.gbl Global definitions (VAXTPU editor)
.gc1 Lisp source code (Golden Common Lisp 1.1)
.gc3 Lisp source code (Golden Common Lisp 3.1)
.gcd Graphics
.gdf Dictionary file (GEOS)
.ged Editor's native file format (Arts & Letters)
.ged Graphics editor file (EnerGraphics)
.gem Vector graphics (GEM - Ventura Publisher)
.gen Compiled template (dBASE Application Generator)
.gen Generated text (Ventura Publisher)
.geo Geode (Geoworks)
.gfb Compressed GIF image created by GIFBLAST (gifblast.exe)
.gft Font (NeoPaint)
.gib Chart (Graph-in-the-Box)
.gif Graphics Interchange Format bitmap graphics (CompuShow)
.giw Presentation (Graph-in-the-Box for Windows)
.gl Animation (GRASP GRAphical System for Presentation)
.glm Datafile (Glim)
.gls Datafile (Across)
.gly Glossary (MS Word)
.gmf CGM graphics (APPLAUSE)
.gmp Geomorph tile map (SPX)
.goc Goc source code file (Geoworks)
.goh Goc header file (Geoworks)
.gp Geode parameter file (Geoworks Glue)
.gph Graph (Lotus 1-2-3/G)
.gpk Omnigo program package
.gr2 Screen driver (Windows 3.x)
.gra Datafile (SigmaPlot)
.grb Ms-DOS Shell Monitor file (MS-DOS 5)
.grf Graph file (Graph Plus - Charisma)
.grp Group file (Windows 3.x - Papyrus)
.grp Pictures group (PixBase)
.gry Raw GREY graphics
.gs1 Presentation (GraphShow)
.gsd Vector graphics (Professional Draw)
.gsw Worksheet (GraphShow)
.gup Data (PopMail)
.gxl Graphics library (Genus)
.gz Compressed file archive created by GZIP (GNU zip)
.h Header file
.h! On-line help file (Flambeaux Help! Display Engine)
.h++ Header file (C++)
.h-- Header file (Sphinx C--)
.ha Compressed file archive created by HA (ha098.zip)
.hap Compressed file archive created by HAP (hap303re.zip)
.hbk Handbook (Mathcad)
.hdf Hierarchical Data File graphics (SDSC Image Tools)
.hdf Help file (Help Development Kit)
.hdl Alternate download file listing (Procomm Plus)
.hdr Pc-File+ Database header
.hdr Datafile (Egret)
.hdr Message header text (Procomm Plus - 1st Reader)
.hdw Vector graphics (Harvard Draw)
.hdx Help index (AutoCAD - Zortech C++)
.hex Hex dump
.hfi Hp Font Info file (GEM)
.hgl Hp Graphics Language graphics
.hh C++ header file
.hhh Precompiled header file (Power C)
.hhp Help information for remote users (Procomm Plus)
.hin Molecule (HyperChem)
.hlb Help library (VAX)
.hlp Help information
.hmm Alternate Mail Read option menu (Procomm Plus)
.hnc CNC program files Heidenhain (?) dialog
.hof Hall Of Fame (game scores)
.hp8 Ascii text HP Roman8 character set (NewWave Write)
.hpf Hp LaserJet fonts (PageMaker)
.hpg HPGL plotter file vector graphics (AutoCad - Harvard Graphics)
.hpi Font information file (GEM)
.hpj Help project (MS Help Compiler)
.hpk Compressed file archive created by HPACK (hpack75.zip)
.hpm Emm text (HP NewWave)
.hpm Alternate Main menu for privileged users (Procomm Plus)
.hpp C++ header file (Zortech C++)
.hqx Compressed Macintosh ASCII archive created by BINHEX (xbin23.zip)
.hrf Graphics (Hitachi Raster Format)
.hrm Alternate Main menu for limited/normal users (Procomm Plus)
.hs2 Monochrome image (Postering)
.hsi Handmade Software Inc. graphics - almost JPEG (Image Alchemy)
.hst History file (Procomm Plus)
.htm HyperText Markup Language document
.htx Hypertext file
.hwd Presentation (Hollywood)
.hxm Alternate Protocol Selection menu for all users (Procomm Plus)
.hxx C++ header file
.hy1 Hyphenation algorithms (Ventura Publisher)
.hy2 Hyphenation algorithms (Ventura Publisher)
.hyc Data (WordPerfect)
.hyd Hyphenation dictionary (WordPerfect for Win)
.hyp Compressed file archive created by HYPER (hyper25.zip)
.i Intermediate file (Borland C++ 4.5)
.iax Bitmap graphics (IBM Image Access eXecutive)
.ibm Compressed file archive created by ARCHDOS (Internal IBM only)
.ica Bitmap graphics (Image Object Content Architecture)
.icb Bitmap graphics
.icl icon library
.icn Icon source code file
.ico Icon (Windows 3.x)
.id Disk identification file
.ide Project (Borland C++ 4.5)
.idw Vector graphics (IntelliDraw)
.idx Index (many - FoxPro)
.ifd Form (JetForm Design)
.iff Interchange File Format bitmap graphics/sound (Amiga)
.iff Sun TAAC Image File Format (SDSC Image Tool)
.ifp Script (KnowledgeMan)
.ifs Fractal image compressed file (Yuvpak)
.ifs System file (OS/2) hpfs.ifs
.ilb Data (Scream Tracker)
.ilk Outline of program's format (MS ILink incremental linker)
.im8 Sun raster graphics
.ima Mirage vector graphics (EGO, Chart, Autumn)
.img Bitmap graphics (Ventura Publisher - GEM Paint)
.imp Spreadsheet (Lotus Improv)
.imq Image presentation (ImageQ)
.in$ Installation file (HP NewWave)
.in3 Input device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.inb Test script (Vermont HighTest)
.inc Include file (several programming languages)
.ind Index (dBASE IV)
.inf Type 1 LaserJet font information file (soft font installers)
.inf Information text file (ASCII)
.inf Install script
.ini Initialization file
.ink Pantone reference fills file (CorelDRAW)
.ins Data (WordPerfect)
.ins Installation script (1st Reader)
.ins Instrument music file (Adlib)
.int Borland Interface Units
.int Program saved in Internal (semi-compiled) format (Signature)
.inx Index (Foxbase)
.io Compressed file archive created by CPIO
.iob 3d graphics database in TDDD format
.ioc Organizational chart (Instant ORGcharting!)
.ion 4dos descript.ion file (file descriptions)
.ipl Pantone Spot reference palette file (CorelDRAW)
.irs Resource (WordPerfect)
.isd Spelling Checker dictionary (RapidFile)
.ish Compressed file archive created by ISH
.iso ISO-9660 table
.it Settings (intalk)
.itf Interface file (JPI TopSpeed Pascal)
.iw Presentation flowchart (IconAuthor - HSC InterActive)
.iwa Text file (IBM Writing Assistant)
.iwp Text file (Wang)
.izt Izl binary token file (IZL)
.jas Graphics
.jav Java source code file
.jbd Datafile (SigmaScan)
.jbx Project file (Project Scheduler 4)
.jet Fax (Hybrid JetFax)
.jff Bitmap graphics (JPEG File Interchange Format)
.jor Journal file SQL
.jou Journal backup (VAX Edt editor)
.jpc Graphics (Japan PIC)
.jpg Bitmap graphics (Joint Photography Experts Group)
.jtf Fax (Hayes JT Fax)
.jtf Bitmap graphics (JPEG Tagged Interchange Format)
.jw Text document (JustWrite)
.jwl Library (JustWrite)
.jzz Spreatsheet (Jazz)
.kar Midi file with karaoke word track
.kb Keyboard script (Borland C++ 4.5)
.kb Program source (Knowledge Pro)
.kbd Keyboard mapping (LocoScript - Signature - Procomm Plus)
.kbm Keyboard mapping (Reflection 4.0)
.kcl Lisp source code (Kyoto Common Lisp)
.kex Macro (KEDIT)
.key Datafile (Forecast Pro)
.key Keyboard macros
.key Security file eg. Shareware Registration info
.kpp Toolpad (SmartPad)
.kps Ibm KIPS bitmap graphics
.kyb Keyboard mapping (FTP Software PC/TCP)
.l Lex source code file
.l Lisp source code file
.l Linker directive file (WATCOM wlink)
.lab Datafile (NCSS - SOLO)
.lab Mailing labels (Q+E for MS Excel)
.lay Word chart layout (APPLAUSE)
.lbg Label generator data (dBASE IV)
.lbl Label (dBASE IV - Clipper 5 - dBFast)
.lbm Bitmap graphics (DeluxePaint)
.lbm Linear bitmap graphics (XLib)
.lbo Compiled label (dBASE IV)
.lbr Compressed file archive created by LU (lue220.arc)
.lbr Display driver (Lotus 1-2-3)
.lbt Label memo (FoxPro)
.lbx Label (FoxPro)
.lcf Linker Control File (Norton Guides compiler)
.lck Lockfile (Paradox)
.lcl Data (FTP Software PC/TCP)
.lcn Lection (WordPerfect)
.lcs Datafile (ACT! History Files)
.lcw Spreadsheet (Lucid 3-D)
.ld Long Distance codes file (Telix)
.ld1 Overlay file (dBASE)
.ldb Data (MS Access)
.ldf Library definition file (Geoworks Glue)
.les Lesson (check *.cbt)
.lev Level file (NetHack 3.x)
.lex Lexicon (dictionary) (many)
.lft Laser printer font (ChiWriter)
.lg Logo procedure definitions (LSRHS Logo)
.lgo Logo for header and footer (SuperFax)
.lgo Startup logo code (Windows 3.x)
.lha Compressed file archive created by LHA/LHARC (lha255b.exe)
.lhw Compressed Amiga file archive created by LHWARP
.lib Library file (several programming languages)
.lif Logical Interchange Format data file (Hewlett-Packard)
.lif Compressed file archive
.lim Compressed file archive created by LIMIT (limit12.zip)
.lin Line types (AutoCAD)
.lis Listing (VAX)
.lj Text file for HP LJ II printer
.ll3 Laplink III related file (document) (LapLink III)
.lnk Linker response file (.RTLink)
.lod Load file
.log Log file
.lpc Printer driver (TEKO)
.lrf Linker response file (MS C/C++)
.lrs Language Resource File (WordPerfect for Win)
.lsl Lotus Script Library
.lsp Lisp source code file (Xlisp)
.lss Spreadsheet (Legato)
.lst Keyboard macro (1st Reader)
.lst List file (archive index - compiler listfile)
.lst Spool file (Oracle)
.ltm Form (Lotus Forms)
.lwd Text document (LotusWorks)
.lwp Lotus Wordpro 96/97 File
.lwz MS Linguistically Enhanced Sound File
.lyr DataCAD Layer File
.lzd Difference file for binaries (Ldiff 1.20)
.lzh Compressed file archive created by LHA/LHARC (lha255b.exe)
.lzs Compressed file archive created by LARC (larc333.zip)
.lzw Compressed Amiga file archive created by LHWARP
.lzx Compressed File
.m Function (program) (Matlab)
.m Macro module (Brief)
.m Standard package (Mathematica)
.m11 Text file (MASS11)
.m3 Modula 3 source code file
.m3d 3d animation macro
.m4 M4 preprocessor file (unix)
.m_u Backup of boot sector, FAT and boot dir (MazeGold)
.ma3 Macro (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.mac Bitmap graphics (Macintosh MacPaint)
.mac Macro
.mag Woody Lynn's MAG graphics format (MPS Magro Paint System)
.mai Mail (VAX)
.mak Makefile
.mak Project file (Visual Basic)
.man Command manual
.map Color palette
.map Format data (Micrografx Picture Publisher)
.map Linker map file
.map Map (Atlas MapMaker)
.map Network map (AccView)
.mar Assembly program (VAX Macro)
.mas Smartmaster set (Freelance Graphics)
.mat Data file (Matlab)
.max Max source code file
.mb Memo field values for database (Paradox)
.mbk Multiple index file backup (dBASE IV)
.mbx Mailbox (Eudora/Zerberus)
.mcc Configuration file (Mathcad)
.mcd Document (Mathcad)
.mcf Font file (Mathcad)
.mci Mci command script (Media Control Interface)
.mcp Application script (Capsule)
.mcp Printer driver (Mathcad)
.mcw Text file (MacWrite II)
.md Compressed file archive created by MDCD (mdcd10.arc)
.mda Data (MS Access)
.mdb Database (MS Access)
.mdl Model (3D Design Plus)
.mdl Spreadsheet (CA-Compete!)
.mdm Modem definition (TELIX)
.mdt Data table (MS ILink incremental linker)
.mdx Multiple index file (dBASE IV)
.me Usually ASCII text file READ.ME
.meb Macro Editor bottom overflow file (WordPerfect Library)
.med Macro Editor delete save (WordPerfect Library)
.med Music (OctaMED)
.mem Macro Editor macro (WordPerfect Library)
.mem Memory variable save file (Clipper - dBASE IV - FoxPro)
.meq Macro Editor print queue file (WordPerfect Library)
.mer Macro Editor resident area (WordPerfect Library) (vakioalue)
.mes Macro Editor work space file (WordPerfect Library)
.mes Message
.met Macro Editor top overflow file (WordPerfect Library)
.met Document (Omnipage Pro)
.meu Menu group (DOS Shell)
.mex Mex file (executable command) (Matlab)
.mex Macro Editor expound file (WordPerfect Library)
.mf Metafont text file
.mgf Font (Micrografx)
.mht MS MHTML Document
.mib Snmp MIB file
.mid Standard MIDI file (music synthetizers)
.mif Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker)
.mii Datafile (MicroStat-II)
.mix Object file (Power C)
.mk Makefile
.mke Makefile (MS Windows SDK)
.mki Japanese graphics MAKIchan format (MagView 0.5)
.mks Data (TACT)
.ml3 Project (Milestones 3.x)
.mlb Macro library file (Symphony)
.mm Text file (MultiMate Advantage II)
.mmf Mail message file (MS Mail)
.mmm Movie (RIFF RMMP format) (MacroMind Director 3.x)
.mmo Memo writer file (RapidFile)
.mmp Output video format from Bravado board
.mnd Menu source (AutoCAD Menu Compiler)
.mng Map (DeLorme Map'n'Go)
.mnt Menu memo (FoxPro)
.mnu Advanced macro (HP NewWave)
.mnu Menu (AutoCAD Menu Compiler - Norton Commander - Signature)
.mnx Compiled menu (AutoCAD)
.mnx Menu (FoxPro)
.mny Account book (MS Money)
.mob Device definition (PEN Windows)
.mod Modula-2 source code file (Clarion Modula-2)
.mod Windows kernel module
.mod Music (FastTracker - many)
.mon Monitor description (ReadMail)
.mov Movie (AutoCAD AutoFlix)
.mp2 Mpeg audio file (xing)
.mpc Calender file (MS Project)
.mpg Mpeg animation
.mpm Mathplan macro (WordPerfect Library)
.mpp Project file (MS Project)
.mpr Generated program (FoxPro)
.mpt Bitmap graphics (Multipage TIFF)
.mpv View file (MS Project)
.mpx Compiled menu program (FoxPro)
.mrb Multiple Resolution Bitmap graphics (MS C/C++)
.mrs Macro Resource file (WordPerfect for Win)
.msc micr*soft C makefile
.msg Message
.msp Bitmap graphics (micr*soft Paint)
.mss Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)
.mst Minispecification file (Prosa)
.mst Setup script (MS Windows SDK)
.msw Text file (MS Word)
.msx Compressed CP/M file archive created by MSX
.mth Math file (Derive)
.mtm Multitracker Module music
.mtw Datafile (Minitab)
.mu Menu (Quattro Pro)
.mus Sound file (MusicTime)
.mvf Stop frame file (AutoCAD AutoFlix)
.mvi Movie command file (AutoCAD AutoFlix)
.mvw Log file (Saber LAN)
.mwf Animation (ProMotion)
.mxt Data (MS C)
.myp Presentation (MM Make Your Point)
.nap Naplps file (VideoShow) (EnerGraphics)
.nb Text file (Nota Bene)
.nc Graphics (netcdf)
.nc Instructions for NC (Numerical Control) machine (CAMS)
.ncc Cnc (Computer Numeric Control) control file (CamView 3D)
.ncd Norton Change Directory support file (Norton Commander)
.ndb Network database (Intellicom - Compex)
.ndx Index file (dBASE II - III - IV - dBFast)
.neo Raster graphics (Atari Neochrome)
.net Network configuration/info file
.new New info
.nfo Info file
.ng Online documentation database (Norton Guide)
.nlm Netware Loadable Module
.nlx Form (FormWorx 3.0)
.np Project schedule (Nokia Planner) (Visual Planner 3.x)
.npi Source for DGEN.EXE intepreter (dBASE Application Generator)
.nsf Lotus Notes / Domino database
.nst Music (NoiseTracker)
.nt Startup files (Windows NT)
.ntf Lotus Notes / Domino template file
.ntr Executable ASCII text file (strip header and rename) (netrun31.zip)
.nts Tutorial (Norton)
.nts Executable ASCII text file (strip header and rename) (netsend1.zip)
.ntx Index (Clipper 5)
.nuf Message for new users on their 1st call (Procomm Plus)
.nws Info text file (latest news) (ASCII)
.nxt Sound (NeXT format)
.o Object file (unix - Atari - GCC)
.o$$ Outfile (Sprint)
.oaz Fax (NetFax Manager)
.ob Object cut/paste file (IBM LinkWay)
.obj Object code (Intel Recolatable Object Module)
.obr Object browser data file (Borland C++)
.obs Script (ObjectScript)
.obv Visual interface (ObjectScript)
.ocf Object Craft File (Object Craft)
.ocr Incoming fax transcribed to text (FAXGrapper)
.ocx OLE custom control
.odl Type library source (Visual C++)
.ofd Form definition (ObjectView)
.off Object File Format vector graphics
.okt Music (Oktalizer)
.olb Object library (VAX)
.old Backup file
.oli Text file (Olivetti)
.oom Swap file (Shroom)
.opn Active options (Exact)
.opt Optimize support file (QEMM)
.opw Organization chart (Org Plus for Windows)
.opx Inactive options (Exact)
.ora Parameter file (Oracle)
.org Calendar file (Lotus Organizer)
.ost micr*soft Outlook Offline file
.otl Outline font description (Z-Soft Type Foundry)
.otx Text file (Olivetti Olitext Plus)
.out Output file
.ov1 Overlay file (part of program to be loaded when needed)
.ov2 Overlay file (part of program to be loaded when needed)
.ovd Datafile (ObjectVision)
.ovl Overlay file (part of program to be loaded when needed)
.ovr Overlay file (part of program to be loaded when needed)
.p Pascal source code file
.p Rea-C-Time application parameter file (ReaGeniX code generator)
.p Picture file (APPLAUSE)
.p16 Music (16 channels) (ProTracker Studio 16)
.p22 Patch file (Patch22)
.p65 Adobe Pagemaker v6.5
.pa1 Worktable (PageAhead)
.pab micr*soft Outlook personal address book
.pac Stad Image (graphics ?)
.pac Package (SBStudio II)
.pad Keypad definition (Telemate)
.pak Compressed file archive created by PAK (pak251.exe)
.pal Color palette
.pan Printer-specific file (copy to coreldrw.ink) (CorelDRAW)
.par Parts application (Digitalk PARTS)
.par Parameter file (Fractint)
.par Permanent output file (Windows 3.x)
.pas Pascal source code file
.pat Hatch patterns (AutoCAD - Photostyler)
.pat Vector fill files (CorelDRAW)
.pb Fax (FAXability Plus)
.pb Phonebook (WinFax Pro)
.pb Setup file (PixBase)
.pb1 Document (First Publisher for Windows)
.pba Powerbasic BASIC source code (Genus)
.pbd Phone book (FaxNOW! - Faxit)
.pbi Powerbasic include file (Genus)
.pbi Profiler Binary Input (MS Source Profiler)
.pbl Powerbasic library (Genus)
.pbm Pbm Portable Bit Map graphics
.pbm Planar bitmap graphics (XLib)
.pbo Profiler Binary Output (MS Source Profiler)
.pbt Profiler Binary Table (MS Source Profiler)
.pc Text file containing IBM PC specific info
.pc3 Custom palette (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.pc8 Ascii text IBM8 character set (NewWave Write)
.pcc Cutout picture vector graphics (PC Paintbrush)
.pcd Graphics (Kodak PhotoCD)
.pcf Profiler Command File (MS Source Profiler)
.pch Patch file
.pch Precompiled header (MS C/C++)
.pcj Multimedia authoring tool graphics (IBM's Linkaway-Live)
.pck Pickfile (Turbo Pascal)
.pcl HP-PCL graphics data (HP Printer Control Language)
.pct Bitmap graphics (Macintosh b&w PICT1 - color PICT2)
.pcw Text file (PC Write)
.pcx Bitmap graphics (PC Paintbrush)
.pda Bitmap graphics
.pdb Data (TACT)
.pdd Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image
.pdf Package Definition File
.pdf Graphics file (ED-SCAN 24bit format)
.pdl Project Description Language file (Borland C++ 4.5)
.pds Pds graphics
.pds Pldasm source code file (hardware assembly)
.pdv Printer driver (Paintbrush)
.pdw Document (Professional Draw)
.peb Program Editor bottom overflow file (WordPerfect Library)
.ped Program Editor delete save (WordPerfect Library)
.pem Program Editor macro (WordPerfect Library)
.peq Program Editor print queue file (WordPerfect Library)
.per Program Editor resident area (WordPerfect Library) (vakioalue)
.pes Program Editor work space file (WordPerfect Library)
.pet Program Editor top overflow file (WordPerfect Library)
.pfa Type 3 font file (unhinted PostScript font)
.pfb Type 1 font file
.pfc Text file (First Choice)
.pfk Programmable function keys (XTreePro)
.pfm Windows Type 1 font metric file
.pfs Database (PFS:FILE) - text file (PFS:Write)
.pft Printer font (ChiWriter)
.pg Page cut/paste file (IBM LinkWay)
.pgi Printer Graphics File device driver (PGRAPH library)
.pgm Portable Grayscale bitMap graphics
.pgm Program (Signature)
.pgp Support file (Pretty Good Privacy RSA System)
.pgs Manual page (man4dos)
.ph Optimized .goh file (Geoworks)
.ph Perl header file
.ph Phrase-table (MS C/C++)
.phn Phone list (UltraFax - QmodemPro)
.pho Phone database (Metz Phone for Windows)
.phr Phrases (LocoScript)
.pic Pixar picture file (SDSC Image Tool)
.pic Bitmap graphics (Macintosh b&w PICT1 - color PICT2)
.pic Bitmap graphics (many eg. Lotus 1-2-3 - PC Paint)
.pif Program Information File (Windows 3.x)
.pif Vector graphics GDF format (IBM mainframe computers)
.pit Compressed Mac file archive created by PACKIT (unpackit.zoo)
.pix Alias image file (SDSC Image Tool)
.pj Project (CA-SuperProject)
.pjt Project memo (FoxPro)
.pjx Project (FoxPro)
.pk Packed bitmap font bitmap file (TeX DVI drivers)
.pka Compressed file archive created by PKARC
.pkg Installer script (Next)
.pkt Fidonet packet
.pl Perl source code file
.pl Prolog source code file
.pl Property List font metric file (TeX)
.pl Palette (Harvard Graphics)
.pl1 Room plan (3D Home Architect)
.pl3 Chart palette (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.plb Library (FoxPro)
.plc Add-in file (functions - macros - applications) (Lotus 1-2-3)
.pll Pre-linked library (Clipper 5)
.pln Spreadsheet (WordPerfect for Win)
.plt Hpgl plotter file vector graphics (AutoCAD)
.plt Palette
.plt Pre-linked transfer file (Clipper 5)
.ply Data (PopMail)
.ply Presentation screen (Harvard Spotlight)
.pm Bitmap graphics (Presentation Manager)
.pm3 Document (PageMaker 3)
.pm4 Document (PageMaker 4)
.pm5 Document (PageMaker 5)
.pmc Graphics (A4TECH Scanner)
.pmm Program file (Amaris BTX/2)
.pn3 Printer device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.png Bitmap graphics (Portable Network Graphics)
.pnm Pbm Portable aNy Map (PNM) graphics
.pnt Macintosh painting
.pnt Qwk reader pointer file (MarkMail 2.x)
.poh Optimized .goh file (Geoworks)
.pop Messages index (PopMail)
.pop Pop-up menu object (dBASE Application Generator)
.pov Raytraced graphics image (Persistence Of Vision)
.pow Chord chart (PowerChords)
.pp Compressed Amiga file archive created by POWERPACKER
.ppb Button bar for Print Preview (WordPerfect for Win)
.ppl Polaroidpaletteplus ColorKey device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.ppm Portable Pixel Map graphics
.ppo Pre-processor output (Clipper 5)
.ppp Publication (PagePlus)
.pps Storyboard (Personal Producer)
.ppt General file extension (PowerPoint)
.pr2 Presentation (Aldus Persuasion 2.x)
.pr2 Printer driver (dBASE IV)
.pr3 Postscript printer driver (dBASE IV)
.pr3 Presentation (Aldus Persuasion 3.x)
.prd Printer driver (many)
.pre Presentation (Freelance Graphics)
.pre Settings (Programmer's WorkBench - MS C/C++)
.prf Pixel Run Format graphics (Improces - Fastgraph)
.prf Printer driver (dBASE IV)
.prf Profiler output
.prg Program (Atari)
.prg Program source (dBASE IV - FoxPro - Clipper 5 - dBFast)
.pri Printer definitions (LocoScript)
.prj Project
.prm Parameters
.prn Printer driver (Signature)
.prn Text file (Lotus 1-2-3 - Symphony)
.pro Prolog source code file
.pro Graphics profile file (DOS)
.prs Printer Resource eg. fonts (WordPerfect for Win)
.prs Presentation (Harvard Graphics Win)
.prs Procedure (dBASE IV)
.prt Printer driver (Dr.Halo)
.prx Compiled program (FoxPro)
.ps Postscript file (text/graphics) (ASCII)
.psd Graphics (Photoshop 3.0)
.pse Bitmap graphics (IBM printer Page SEgment)
.psf Outline PostScript printer font (ChiWriter)
.psm Music (MASI - ProTracker)
.psm Symbol table of IDE (Turbo Pascal)
.psp Procedure (Prodea Synergy)
.pst micr*soft Outlook personal folder
.pt3 Device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.pt3 Template (PageMaker 3)
.pt4 Template (PageMaker 4)
.ptb Script (PubTech BatchWorks)
.ptm Macro (PubTech BatchWorks)
.ptr Qwk reader pointer file (QMail)
.pub Page template (MS Publisher)
.pub Public key ring file (Pretty Good Privacy RSA System)
.pub Publication (Ventura Publisher - 1st Publisher)
.put Compressed file archive created by PUT (put334.zip)
.pvd Script (Instalit)
.pvl Library (Instalit)
.pvt Local Fidonet pointlist
.pw Text file (Professional Write)
.pwl Password List
.pwp Text document (Professional WritePlus)
.px Primary database index (Paradox)
.py Python script file
.pyc Compiled PYTHON script file
.pzd Default settings (Pizazz Plus)
.pzo Overlay file (Pizazz Plus)
.pzp Palette (Pizazz Plus)
.pzs Settings (Pizazz Plus)
.pzt Transfer file (Pizazz Plus)
.pzx Swap file (Pizazz Plus)
.qag Quick Access Group (Norton Desktop)
.qap Application (Omnis Quartz)
.qbe Saved query (Query By Example) (dBASE IV - Quattro Pro)
.qbo Compiled query (dBASE IV)
.qbw Spreadsheet (QuickBooks for Windows)
.qd0 Data file - segment 10 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd1 Data file - segment 1 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd2 Data file - segment 2 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd3 Data file - segment 3 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd4 Data file - segment 4 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd5 Data file - segment 5 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd6 Data file - segment 6 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd7 Data file - segment 7 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd8 Data file - segment 8 (Omnis Quartz)
.qd9 Data file - segment 9 (Omnis Quartz)
.qdk Backup of startup files created by Optimize (QEMM)
.qdv Graphics (Steve Blackstock Giffer)
.qef Query file (Q+E for MS Excel)
.qfx Fax (QuickLink)
.qlb Quick library (MS C/C++)
.qlc Data (PostScript help file) atmfonts.qlc
.qlp Printer driver (QuickLink)
.qm4 Options or services file (QMail 4.x Mail Door)
.qpr Generated query program (FoxPro)
.qpr Print queue device driver (OS/2)
.qpx Compiled query program (FoxPro)
.qrs Equation Editor support file (WordPerfect for Win)
.qrt Qrt ray tracing graphics
.qry Query (dBASE IV)
.qt Quicktime movie (animation)
.qwk Qwk reader message file
.qxd Document (QuarkXPress)
.qxl Element library (QuarkXPress)
.r Ratfor (FORTRAN preprosessor) file
.r8 Raw graphics (one byte per pixel) plane one (PicLab)
.r8p Pcl 4 bitmap font file (Intellifont)
.ra Music (RealAudio)
.ram Ramfile (RealAudio)
.rar Compressed file archive created by RAR (rar1_402.exe)
.ras Sun Rasterfile graphics
.rat Datafile (RATS)
.raw Raw RGB 24-bit graphics
.rbf Datafile (Rbase)
.rc Resource script (MS C/C++ - Borland C++)
.rc Configuration (emacs)
.rcg Netscape newsgroup file (netsc.rcg)
.rdf Compiled UIC source code (Geoworks UI Compiler)
.rdi Device-independent bitmap file (RIFF RDIB format)
.rdx Datafile (Reflex)
.rec Datafile (EpiInfo)
.rec Record file (Sprint)
.rec Recorded macro file (Windows 3.x)
.red Path info (Clarion Modula-2)
.ref Cross-reference
.reg Ole Registration (Windows 3.x)
.reg Registration (Corel programs)
.rem Remarks
.rep Qwk reader reply file
.rep Report (Report Designer - CodeReporter - DataBoss)
.req Request
.res Compiled resource (MS C/C++ - Borland C++)
.res Dbase resources (dBASE IV)
.rev Revision file (Geoworks)
.rex Rexx source code file
.rex Report definition (Oracle)
.rez Resource file
.rf Sun raster graphics
.rft Dca/RFT Revisable Format Text file (IBM DisplayWrite 4.0-5.1)
.rgb Sgi RGB image file (SDSC Image Tool)
.rgx Symbol tables etc. info (ReaGeniX code generator)
.rh Resource header file (Borland C++ 4.5)
.ri Data (Lotus 1-2-3)
.rib Graphics in Renderman format (3DReality)
.ric Fax (Ricoh)
.rif Riff bitmap graphics (Fractal Design Painter)
.rip Graphics (Remote Access)
.rix Bitmap graphics (ColorRIX VGA Paint)
.rl4 Bitmap graphics
.rl8 Bitmap graphics
.rla Wavefront raster image file (SDSC Image Tool)
.rlb Data (Harvard Graphics Win) hgw.rlb
.rlc Graphics 1bit/pixel scanner output
.rle Utah Run Length Encoded raster graphic (SDSC Image Tool)
.rlz Realizer source code file (CA-Realizer)
.rmi Midi file (RIFF RMID format)
.rmk Makefile (Clipper RMake)
.rn Xpl program for Nota Bene users
.rnd Rendering Slide (AutoCAD AutoShade)
.rno Runoff file (VAX)
.rol Fm music Adlib Music File (Roland)
.rpd Database (RapidFile)
.rpl Text document (Replica)
.rpt Report
.rs Data file (Amiga Resource - Reassembler)
.rs_ Resource fork of a Macintosh file (Mac-ette)
.rsc Resource file
.rsp Response file
.rtf Rich Text Format text file (many - Windows Word)
.rtf Windows Help file script
.rtl Run Time Library (NU 7.0)
.rtl Text file
.rtp Rtpatch software update package data file
.rts Runtime library file (CA-Realizer)
.rvw Review
.rws Resource Workshop data file (Borland C++)
.rwx Script (RenderWare)
.s Assembly source code file (unix)
.s Scheme source code file
.s$$ Temporary sort file (Sprint)
.s3m Music (16 channels) (Scream Tracker 3.0)
.sal Datafile (SORITEC)
.sam Text file (Samna - Lotus Ami/Ami Pro)
.sar Compressed file archive created by SAR (sar1.zip)
.sav Backup file (saved file)
.sav Configuration
.sav Saved game situation (eg. NetHack)
.sb Audio file (signed byte)
.sbd Storyboard (Storyboard Editor)
.sbi Sound Blaster Instrument file (Creative Labs)
.sbp Dml program (Superbase 4)
.sbr Support file (Source Browser)
.sbt Notes related to record (Suberbase 4 Windows)
.sc Pal script (Paradox)
.sc Display driver (Framework II)
.sc3 Renamed dBASE III screen mask file (dBASE IV)
.sc3 Screen device driver (Harvard Graphics 3.0)
.sca Datafile (SCA)
.scc Text file
.scd Scodl Scan Conversion Object Description Language graphics
.scf Multimedia show (ScoreMaker)
.scf Spelling checker configuration (Symphony)
.sch Project schedule (Schedule Publisher)
.sch Schematics file (ORCAD)
.sci System Configuration Information
.sci Fax (SciFax)
.scm Scheme source code file
.scn Screen file (Kermit)
.sco High score
.scp Script (BITCOM)
.scr Debug source code file (DOS Debug)
.scr Screen - screen snapshot (dBASE IV - Procomm Plus)
.scr Screen font (LocoScript)
.scr Screen saver (Windows 3.x)
.scr Script (Kermit - 1st Reader)
.sct Screen memo (FoxPro)
.scx Bitmap graphics (ColorRIX)
.scx Chart (Stanford Chart)
.scx Screen (FoxPro)
.scy Security file (ReaGeniX)
.sda Fidonet's Software Distribution Network file archive description
.sdf System Data Format file (fixed lenght ASCII text)
.sdi Software Distribution Network Info file
.sdn Software Distribution Network compressd file archive (pak25)


Sekian dulu.. semoga bermanfaat...

TENTANG SOLID STATE DRIVE

TENTANG SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD). Ternyata, banyak yang belum tahu mengenai Solid State Drive atau yang sering disebut dengan SSD. SSD adalah salah satu media penyimpanan utama selain hard disk. Di dalam sebuah komputer, SSD dan hard disk berfungsi sebagai media untuk menaruh semua data. Booting sebuah komputer juga menggunakan kedua benda ini.

Sayangnya, tidak semua orang mengenal SSD. Beberapa orang yang saya temui hanya mengemukakan pendapat “Katanya sih kencang….” tanpa mengetahui seberapa kencang kecepatan sebuah SSD.

Di kesempatan kali ini, saya akan mengulas beberapa hal yang berhubungan dengan SSD. Kami berharap tips kali ini membuat Anda lebih paham mengenai SSD. Walaupun begitu, artikel ini mungkin jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, jika Anda memiliki tips mengenai pengenalan SSD lainnya, kami berharap Anda mau memberitahukannya kepada kami.

1. TRIM

Saya selalu menyarankan pembelian SSD dengan menggunakan TRIM. TRIM merupakan sebuah perintah yang langsung ditujukan kepada firmware dari SSD. Jika Anda belum tahu, firmware itu sama dengan BIOS komputer pada umumnya.

Sebuah media penyimpanan akan selalu menulis dan membaca data. Saat menghapus sebuah data, hal tersebut sebenarnya juga merupakan sebuah kegiatan menulis data pula. Di sebuah hard disk, kegiatan penghapusan data tidak sepenuhnya terhapus. Yang terhapus adalah sebuah link yang merujuk ke data tersebut di rentetan data yang disebut dengan Table Of Content. Saat ada data yang mau ditulis di tempat (sector) yang sama, data baru tersebut akan ditimpa langsung di tempat data (sector) yang lama. Hal ini disebut dengan Overwriting.

Dalam hard disk, kegiatan overwrite ini adalah biasa. Sayangnya, tidak untuk SSD. Kegiatan overwriting akan menimbulkan “sampah data” atau bahasa Inggrisnya adalah Garbage. Garbage ini yang menyebabkan sebuah SSD akan melambat seiring dengan waktu karena data lama masih ada sehingga membuat SSD harus memilah antara data lama dengan yang baru. Hal ini membuat SSD lamban dalam membaca data.

Di sinilah TRIM unjuk gigi. TRIM memastikan saat sistem operasi mau menulis di sektor yang sama, data yang lama akan terhapus total tanpa ada sampah lagi. Selain itu, fungsi TRIM juga akan membuat semua sektor yang dihapus dan diformat menjadi bersih. Hal ini akan membuat sebuah SSD menjadi kencang sama seperti yang baru.

2. Isi dari SSD

Anda pernah melihat isi sebuah SSD? Sebuah SSD tidak berisikan mekanik rumit yang sama seperti hard disk. Jika Anda pernah melihat sebuah RAM (Random Access Memory atau memori komputer), isi dari sebuah SSD mirip dengan itu. Seperti gambar yang ada di atas, SSD hanya terdiri dari sekumpulan memori yang dipasang di sebuah board.

3. MLC dan SLC

Pernahkah Anda mendengar mengenai SLC dan MLC? Kedua nama ini merujuk kepada tipe memori yang dipakai SSD. SLC kepanjangan dari Single Level Cell. Sesuai dengan namanya, memori jenis ini akan menyimpan sebuah bit data di sebuah cell memori. MLC atau Multi Level Cell, menyimpan dua bit data pada sebuah cell memori. SLC memiliki banyak kelebihan dibandingkan dengan MLC. Kecepatan adalah yang pertama. Selain itu, SLC juga memiliki siklus hidup yang lebih lama dari MLC. Sayangnya, harga memori jenis SLC lebih mahal dari MLC, membuatnya jarang ditemukan di consumer SSD.

4. Kecepatan

Anda sudah melihat point nomor 2? Sebenarnya, hal tersebut sudah terjawab. SSD tidak memiliki mekanik yang harus bergerak terlebih dahulu dalam menulis dan membaca data. Selain itu, SSD tidak perlu melakukan putaran spindle seperti sebuah hard disk. Semua dilakukan secara elektris. Seberapa cepat SSD dibandingkan dengan HDD? (kredit : jagad review)


5. Lebih Aman

Ada beberapa pendapat yang berkata bahwa sebuah SSD lebih aman dibandingkan dengan hard disk. Kami pun memiliki pendapat yang sama. Alasan pertama adalah sebuah SSD yang tidak memiliki mekanik di dalamnya membuat media penyimpanan ini tahan banting. Saat terbanting, hard disk akan rusak dan tentu data Anda tidak bisa diakses. Seperti apa ketahanan sebuah SSD? Anda bisa melihatnya di video ini.

Selain tahan banting, SSD juga tahan getaran. HDD yang sedang bekerja saat terkena getaran yang terus-menerus akan mengalami kerusakan mekanik. Hal ini tidak akan terjadi kepada SSD. Selain itu, Anda tidak akan menemukan bunyi “ctek…ctek…ctek” yang secara acak akan ditemukan di sebuah HDD. Bagaimana dengan masalah panas? HDD cenderung panas akibat adanya gesekan dalam mekaniknya, yaitu di putaran spindle-nya. Hard disk yang panas tentu saja dapat membuat kerusakan; itulah saatnya mengucapkan selamat tinggal kepada data-data Anda. Mau tahu ketahanan sebuah SSD terhadap panas? Anda bisa lihat video di bawah ini.


6. Mahal?

SSD cenderung sama dengan harga mahal. Mengapa? Hal ini dikarenakan produksi sebuah flash memori memakan biaya yang lebih mahal. Selain itu, teknologinya juga tergolong baru. SSD merupakan sebuah produk baru yang harganya seiring dengan waktu akan turun. Harga sebuah SSD termurah dua tahun yang lalu sama dengan harga SSD dengan kapasitas 60 GB sekarang ini. Untuk sebuah SSD dengan kapasitas 30 GB saja Anda harus merogoh kocek sekitar Rp800.000. Dengan harga yang sama, Anda tentu sudah mendapatkan sebuah hard disk dengan kapasitas sekitar 2 TB.

Perbandingannya jauh, bukan? Akan tetapi, Anda harus melihatnya dari sisi yang berbeda. Setelah melihat poin-poin di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa SSD lebih aman. Bayangkan Anda adalah orang yang sering bepergian dengan menggunakan laptop. Saat bekerja di mobil, tiba-tiba ada lubang yang mengakibatkan notebook Anda jatuh. Saat itu terjadi kepada sebuah hard disk, hal tersebut bisa membuat hard disk rusak. Tidak dengan SSD. Data yang bernilai jutaan rupiah pun aman oleh kejadian seperti ini. Intinya, SSD lebih tahan banting, air, getaran, dan panas. Sekarang, pertimbangkan, mana yang jauh lebih mahal: data-data Anda atau sebuah SSD?

Friday, May 27, 2011

MENGATASI MASALAH PROSES DEFRAG HARDISK

Kadang-kadang, ketika kita sedang melakukan defrag harddisk, muncul pesan “Error Defragmenting Drive C, Windows cannot finish defragmentting this drive because it has encountered a problem. Click Help and carry out the instructions for running Scan Disk, and then try defragmenting again”. Setelah itu, proses defrag berhenti.

Jangan langsung panik! Ikuti dulu saran yang diberikan Windows pada pesan kesalahan tadi, yakni menjalankan Scan disk untuk memeriksa kondisi harddisk. Begitu Scan disk selesai, coba defrag lagi.

Nah, kalau saran Windows sudah dijalankan, tetapi harddisk masih emoh di-defrag, ikuti trik ini.
1. Klik [Start] > [Settings] > [Folder Options…].
2. Pilih tab [View], kemudian klik opsi [Show all files].
3. Tekan [OK] untuk keluar dari jendela “Folder Options”.
4. Klik [Start] > [Find] > [Files or Folders].
5. Ketik “applog” pada kolom “Name:”, dan pada combo box “Look in:” pilih drive [C].
6. Beri tanda centang pada kotak [Include subfolders].
7. Lakukan pencarian dengan mengklik [Find now].
8. Setelah pencarian berakhir, hapuslah semua file yang ditemukan (kecuali folder C:-WINDOWS-applog) kemudian klik ganda folder applog dan hapus seluruh isi folder yang ada di dalamnya.
9. Tutup jendela pencarian dan jalankan kembali Disk Defragmenter.

Sekian dulu tips singkat gw...

Thursday, May 26, 2011

WHAT IS "BRUTE FORCE" DICTIONARY HACKING

Hackers use three common methods to acquire people's computer passwords:

Brute Force ('Dictionary') Repetition
Social Engineering (commonly: phishing)
Administrator Back Doors


1) Brute Force (aka 'Dictionary' Attacks)
The term "brute force" means to overpower the defense through repetition. In the case of password hacking, brute forcing involves dictionary software that recombines English dictionary words with thousands of varying combination. (Yes, much like a Hollywood safecracker movie scene, but much slower and much less glamorous). Brute force dictionaries always start with simple letters "a", "aa", "aaa", and then eventually moves to full words like "dog", "doggie", "doggy". These brute force dictionaries can make up to 50 attempts per minute in some cases. Given several hours or days, these dictionary tools will overcome any password. The secret is to make it take days to crack your password.

2) Social Engineering Attacks
Social engineering is the modern con game: the hacker manipulates you to divulge your password by using some kind of convincing personal contact. This personal contact might involve direct face-to-face communications, like a pretty girl with a clipboard doing interviews in a shopping mall. Social engineering attacks might also occur over the phone, where a hacker will masquerade as a bank representative calling to confirm your phone number and bank account numbers. The third and most common social engineering attack is called phishing or whaling. Phishing and whaling attacks are deception pages masquerading as legitimate authorities on your computer screen. Phishing/whaling emails will often redirect the victim to a convincing phishing website, where the victim types in their password, believing the website to be their actual bank or online account.

3) Administrator Back Doors
This kind of attack is akin to stealing the building master keys from the building janitor: the perpetrator accesses the system as if they were an entrusted employee. In the case of computer administrators: special all-access accounts allow the user into areas where only trusted network administrator should go. These administrator areas include password recovery options. If the hacker can enter your system with the administrator's account, the hacker can retrieve passwords of most anyone on that system.

Sumber : http://tip-and-trik....ry-hacking.html

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

BERKOMUNIKASI VIA SKYPE 5.0.0.156

BERKOMUNIKASI VIA SKYPE 5.0.0.156. Mungkin sudah pada tau ya, Skype adalah perangkat lunak untuk memanggil orang lain di komputer mereka atau telepon. Download Skype dan mulai menelepon secara gratis di seluruh dunia.

Panggilannya memiliki kualitas suara yang sangat baik dan sangat aman dengan enkripsi end-to-end. Anda bahkan tidak perlu mengkonfigurasi firewall atau router atau peralatan jaringan lainnya.

Selain itu tidak hanya bekerja pada Windows. Skype juga dapat digunakan untuk Mac OS X, Linux dan PDA menggunakan Pocket PC, dengan tampilan dan nuansa asli untuk setiap platform. Berbicara, mengirimkan pesan instan atau bahkan file kerja transfer antara platform yang berbeda seperti :


- Skype calling - Skype memiliki semua fitur dari telepon biasa jadi lebih mudah untuk mengatur panggilan Anda.
- Video calling - melihat siapa Anda berbicara pada saat yang sama seperti berbicara kepada mereka.
- Add Skype and SkypeOut contacts - Menambahkan kontak yang menggunakan Skype dan mereka yang menggunakan telepon biasa agar Anda dapat menelpon lebih banyak orang.
- Organising group - kelompok kontak di bawah nama-nama tertentu dan membaginya dengan kontak Anda sehingga mereka dapat berbicara dengan mereka juga.
- Basic chat and emoticons - ketika itu tidak nyaman untuk menelepon, chatting atau Instant Message (IM) kontak Anda.
- Group chat - untuk saat ini lebih mudah untuk chatting atau Instant Message (IM) semua teman Anda sekaligus.
- Pengaturan Profil - mengubah cara Anda muncul ke dunia dan membiarkan orang tahu sedikit tentang Anda.
- Conference calling - berbicara dengan lebih dari satu teman pada suatu waktu.
- Import contacts - pencarian buku alamat Anda untuk menemukan teman-teman dan keluarga yang sudah memiliki nama Skype dan mulai menelepon mereka secara gratis.
- Lihat Outlook kontak - melihat dan menghubungi Microsoft Outlook kontak Anda dengan cepat dan langsung dari daftar kontak Anda Skype.
- Quickfilter dan Speed-Dial - menemukan kontak Skype, chatting dan kontak SkypeOut terbaru dengan cepat dan mudah, kemudian masukkan nama mereka Skype untuk menelepon mereka kembali dengan cepat.

SYSTEM :

- Title: Skype 5.0.0.156
- Filename: SkypeSetupFull.exe
- File size: 19.84MB (20,805,512 bytes)
- Requirements: Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / Windows7 / XP64 / Vista64 / Windows7 64
- Languages: Multiple languages
- License: Freeware
- Date added: December 15, 2010
- Author: Skype Technologies
- www.skype.com

M A U SKYPENYA????

UNTUK DOWNLOAD KLIK DI SINI
atau DISINI

Selamat ber SKYPE ria...

Monday, May 23, 2011

ANDROID

Android adalah software platform yang open source untuk mobile device. Android berisi  sistem operasi, middleware dan aplikasi-aplikasi dasar.  Basis OS Android adalah kernel linux 2.6 yang telah dimodifikasi untuk mobile device.



Kiranya sekarang sudah banyak yang mendengar tentang android dan boomingnya.  Dalam tulisan iseng ini, saya mau berbagi cerita tentang awal mulanya android kenapa bisa muncul, sudah sampai mana dan mau kemana. Tulisan ini sebagian pernah saya ceritakan sebagai bagian presentasi dalam gathering id-android yg entah ke berapa kali, dan sedikit dalam peluncuran Dell Streak. Kiranya bermanfaat buat android lover dan gadgeteer lainnya, untuk melihat semangat yang dikandung android di dalamnya.

Suatu ketika Google, raksasa search engine, membeli Android inc, yang dipimpin Andy Rubin. Setelah dibeli, Google mengangkat Andy Rubin sebagai Vice President of Engineering urusan android, google menyadari,  Andy Rubin yang berkutat di android adalah orang yang paling mengerti tentang android, orang ini tetap harus memimpin.

(Bandingkan dengan kisah Steve Jobs di Apple inc, dia yang membuat apple, dia memberi rohnya, saat membesarkan Apple, eh dia bisa disingkirkan dari Apple sampai harus membuat Next computer, dan akhirnya kembali ke Apple menghasilkan kejayaan).

Saat itu digelar meeting, untuk mendengarkan visi dan misi dari Android yang dibawakan oleh Andy Rubin.
Hadir disana adalah VP Engineering google, Vic Gundotra. Ketika meeting baru mulai dan Andy siap memaparkan apa itu android, Vic langsung menyela dengan skeptis, dengan pertanyaan : "Andy, apa dunia ini benar masih butuh mobile operating system lain?" Usaha google adalah di mesin pencari dan iklan, dan mesin pencari google sudah ada disetiap smartphone.

Saat itu di dunia sudah ada banyak operating system, ada Windows Mobile, ada Blackberry, ada Symbian , dan ada rajanya smartphone, Apple dengan iPhone or iOS nya, belum lagi operating system kecil lain.

Dan Andy menjelaskan demikian, ada 2 point utama kenapa android harus dibuat.

Point pertama.
Saat ini kita sedang kritis, dan butuh sebuah operating system yang free dan terbuka (open source) supaya setiap developer bisa bebas berinovasi di setiap level di dalamnya. Dengan cara ini para pembuat handset atau vendor bisa membuat handset sesuai keinginannya, boleh layar 2", 3" atau 4". Boleh pakai keyboard, boleh tidak., boleh ada kamera depan atau tidak...

Dan nanti semua operator bisa ikut bergabung bersama sesuai kemampuan mereka, boleh 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE, Wimax, boleh CDMA boleh GSM dll.

Akhirnya nanti adalah konsumen yang diuntungkan, mereka bisa menentukan sendiri handset smartphone android mana yang terbaik menurut mereka, sesuai kebutuhan, kemampuan dan operator yang menjadi  pilihan mereka.

----- dan begitulah dasar dari android yang ada sekarang, dalam usia masuk 2 tahun, android ada di berbagai merk, ada yg murah , ada yang mahal, ada yg layar 2 inch, 3" , 4" bahkan 5" dan 7", ada yang kecepatan prosesornya 300Mhz, ada yang 1Ghz, dan ada yang lebih dari itu , ada yang berkeyboard, ada yang berlayar sentuh kapasitif, resistif, berkamera depan, berkamera 3MP, 5MP, 8MP dll, juga dengan berbagai dukungan operator berbeda-beda, android fit di dalamnya.--------

Point ke 2.
Andy menambahkan point ke 2. Karena kini google adalah raksasa IT, google punya kemampuan. Kalau google diam saja, maka dunia akan menghadapi Draconian Future --(draconian future mengacu kepada jaman Yunani ketika seorang bernama Draco menjadi pengatur hukum disana, dimana pelanggaran kecil saja
mendapat hukuman yang berat)--- masa depan yang "sulit" dimana nanti di depan hanya akan ada :

1 Orang
1 Perusahaan
1 Operating System
dan 1 Operator
saja yang bisa jadi pilihan konsumen...

That's the future we don't want ...

(dan sekarang yg baca bertanya-tanya siapa yang dimaksud oleh Andy Rubin sebagai 1 penguasa? , kuncinya adalah tahun 1984 :-))

Pembicaraan ditutup dengan kata2 ini:

Jadi jika kita adalah orang yang percaya akan: Keterbukaan, percaya akan Pilihan dan percaya akan Inovasi
yang bisa dilakukan semua orang

Selamat datang di Android!


Semangat ini yang membawa Android terus berevolusi sampai sekarang, maka dalam 1,5 tahun kehadiran android, sudah dipercaya oleh:
59 Operator
48 Negara
21 OEM
100 ribu aplikasi
200ribu android baru diaktivasi setiap hari.

Dalam umur yang sangat muda, kita merasakah euforia nya merangsek semua aspek, silahkan buka semua grafik yang ada tentang android, semua menyatakan gerakan yang menaik, setiap hari berita-berita gadgets diisi oleh android, setiap beberapa hari android model baru di launching. Semua aspek , semua level konsumen hampir bisa menggunakan android sebagai pilihannya, mau yang murah dikepala 1 juta ada, mau yang tercanggih dan cepat ada, mau yang level mid ada, mau cdma, mau gsm, mau yang bisa hsdpa, mau yang 4G, semua ada.

Sebuah gerakan keterbukaan dan gratis (open source dan free) , membuat pandangan tentang sesuatu yang gratis biasanya tidak bagus, dijungkir balikkan. Lihat aplikasi2 dari google yang gratis tanpa harus bayar, we can say itu adalah aplikasi2 terbaik dibanding yang harus berbayar sekalipun. Lihat mereka yang cepat tanggap dan langsung berani menaiki perahu keterbukaan ini, misalnya Motorola, ketika diambang keterpurukan ketika tidak mampu bersaing dengan merk2 lain dalam hal inovasi, langsung menanjak bahkan memperoleh anugerah best smartphone 2009, dan sekarang adalah merk yang sangat berinovasi dengan android nya di banyak level. Dengan berani boss Motorola berkata :"kedepan motorola hanya akan membuat smartphone android :-) "

Lihat HTC, sama2 langsung berani percaya kepada google dan menjadi partner terbaik, sekarang namanya bersinar di dunia sebagai pembuat smartphone kelas atas dan membukukan keuntungan naik 60% dalam
setahun.

Samsung melakukan gebrakan, mengusung android dan langsung berani fight dengan sang raksasa iPhone, sekarang SGS terjual jutaan dalam waktu singkat, ada di banyak negara, dengan variasi type dan diusung
operator kelas atas.

Nokia , terlena dengan keberhasilannya yang panjang, lupa dan lambat berinovasi, sekarang sulit mengejar 2 raksasa , android dan iPhone. Hanya bisa mengejek ketika ditanya kenapa tidak ikut segera masuk ke
kapal android, " hanya seperti anak kecil yang kencing dalam celana waktu musim dingin, untuk merasakan kehangatan sesaat" begitu kira2 komentar CEO Nokia, dan kini proyek meego nya masih harus berjuang
keras membuktikan diri untuk bersaing dengan raksasa android dan iphone yang terus berlari berkejaran, setelah langkahnya membuat segala macam OVI untuk menyaingi rival penggerusnya BlackBerry kandas.

Blackberry menyadari, dia sangat hebat di sosialita dan server, tapi untuk menggapai level emas smartphone terbaik masih harus digapai lebih keras, ketika usahanya berevolusi di blackberry OS 6 , BB Torch masih dianggap belum selevel duo raksasa. Ini seperti dalam sekolah SMA, biasanya ada seorang murid yang menjadi idola, ganteng, ramah tamah, banyak teman dan disukai banyak orang juga terkenal disekolah. Tapi nanti yang namanya ada dihalaman khusus di buku tahunan, dan terpajang namanya di dinding hall of fame sekolah adalah bukan yang terganteng dan banyak teman, tapi selalu : lulusan terbaik. Dan calon lulusan terbaik itu adalah android dan iPhone.

Itulah fakta yang berbicara dalam 2 tahun ini, tentang keterbukaan, pilihan dan inovasi. Dan sekarang dipuncak pertarungan hanya ada 2 raksasa, android dan iPhone.  (entahlah windows phone 7 akan jadi raksasa yg lain atau tetap akan ada 2 raksasa)

Mari saya bercerita sedikit tentang pengalaman saya dengan android, mengapa saya tergila2 dengan nya. Dulu tahun 2009 saya pernah bercerita tentang why i left blackberry and move on to android, ketika saya memutuskan berganti "kendaraan" dari bb ke android, padahal saat itu BB sedang ada di puncak, dan android baru nongol sebagai handset model ke 2 yang ada di pasaran.  Sekarang sudah ada 100 bahkan lebih model handset android. Saat itu android belum sehebat sekarang, sama seperti saya mengenang ketika pertama mencoba iPhone 2G, saat itu iPhone juga belum sehebat sekarang.

Akhir tahun 2009 google mengumumkan merelease the Nexus One, lompatan android pertama dengan spek tinggi yang melampaui spek iPhone 3Gs sekalipun, membuat oom Steve Jobs ngambek dengan mengatakan " kita tidak masuk ke bisnis mesin pencari, kenapa sekarang google masuk bersaing ke bisnis kita di smartphone!" ( I Love Steve Jobs, kisah hidupnya, visinya, speechnya luar biasa dan saya mengamini dia memang pantas menjadi icon yang membawa perubahaan besar bagi teknologi dunia).

Saya pernah bercerita juga tentang ini (di ketika google bermain cantik) bahwa ternyata dugaan oom Steve salah, google bermaksud lain ketika membuat Nexus One, dan hasilnya nyata, google hanya mendorong lebih jauh vendor2 lain untuk mengayuh lebih cepat, makanya dalam tahun 2010 ini perkembangan smartphone menjadi luar biasa cepat, speed tinggi, layar makin cantik, user interface makih hebat dll. Baru keluar yang terhebat, sebentar kemudian ada yang lebih hebat. Beberapa orang mengatakan : cape, baru beli yg terbaik rasanya sudah ada yang lebih baik lagi.


Android versi 1.0 direlease 23 Sep 08, versi 1.1 pertama kali digunakan di mobile phone (T1).  Versi 1.5 (Cupcake) muncul April 09 yang mendukung soft keyboard,  1.6 (Donut) Sept 09  dan versi terakhir:
·               2.0/2.1 (Eclair) memperbaiki user interface, HTML5  dan Exchange ActiveSync 2.5.
·               2.2 (Froyo), mempercepat kinerja dengan Just In Time compiler dan Chrome V8 JavaScript engine, Wi-Fi hotspot tethering dan suppport Adobe Flash.
·               2.3 (Gingerbread), memperbaiki user interface, soft keyboard, copy/paste features dan support ke Near Field Communication (NFC).
·               2.4 (Gingerbread), an update to 2.3, akan direlease April 2011
·               3.0 (Honeycomb), untuk tablet yang menggunakan layar lebih besar, multicore processors dan hardware acceleration untuk graphics.
·               Ice-cream sandwich, kombinasi 2.3 Gingerbread and 3.0 Honeycomb, akan muncul di pertengahan 2011.



Fitur-fitur

Fitur-fitur android adalah sebagai berikut:
  • Menulis file di SD card.
  • Database dengan SQLite.
  • Application framework berbasis komponen yang memudahkan reuse.
  • Dalvik virtual machine dioptimisasi untuk menjalankan program Java di mobile devices
  • Integrated browser berbasis WebKit engine
  • Optimized graphics tersedia 2D graphics library; dan OpenGL ES 1.0 untuk 3D graphics
  • Media support untuk MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF
  • GSM Telephony fasilitas telepon.
  • Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, dan WiFi
  • Kamera, GPS, compass dan accelerometer 
  • Multitouch


 
Demikian sekilas info tentang ANDROID.